第三课时

Supplementary materials

1.     Background information

Dale Carnegie

Dale Carnegie (November 24, 1888 – November 1, 1955) was an American writer and lecturer and the developer of famous courses in self-improvement, salesmanship, corporate training, public speaking, and interpersonal skills. Born into poverty on a farm in Missouri, he was the author of How to Win Friends and Influence People, a massive bestseller that remains popular today. One of the core ideas in his books is that it is possible to change other people’s behavior by changing one’s behavior toward them.

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected the 16th president of the United States He was the first president from the Republican Party who opposed the expansion of slavery into US territories.

Civil War

The American Civil War was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. Among the 34 states as of January 1861, seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, known as the “Confederacy” or the “South”. The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars. It remains the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 750,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties.

2.     Word attack

1)    end up  to be in the end (in the stated place, condition) 最后（处于）；最后（成为）；（以……）告终

Eg. You’re going to end up going back up there, you know.

Unfortunately, they ended up in failure.

2)    exclaim  to say or shout something suddenly because of surprise, fear, pleasure,（因吃惊、害怕、喜悦等）呼喊，惊叫

Eg. The beautiful sunrise made us exclaim in surprise.

We all exclaim “How very French” and we know what we mean.

3)    except for  apart from; with the exception of 除了......之外

Eg. She might have gotten away in that instant — except for the money.

It was a great game to watch, except for managers.

4)    expand  to increase in size, number or importance, or to make something increase in this way（使）（尺寸、数量或重要性）扩大，增加；（使）膨胀

Eg. At this point, George and Marie decide to expand by opening a new restaurant in New York itself.

At present we have 45 people registered with the clinic, which continues to expand.

5)    ego  your senses of your own value and importance 自我；自我意识；自负

Eg. “I’ve got that ego that makes me want to jump up and down,” he explains later.

       Everything you do involves your ego.

6)    underestimate  to fail to guess or understand the real cost, size,difficulty, etc. of something 低估；（对……）估计不足

Eg. We should not underestimate the effect of our own disappointment.

It would be foolish to underestimate their capacity to adjust.

7)    sympathetic  kind to sb. who is hurt or sad; showing that you understand and care about their problems 有同情心的，同情的

Eg. He was kind, sympathetic and understanding, even if he was slightly reserved.

Julie had been very sympathetic, which had helped to soothe the anxiety about her job.

8)    civil  connected with the people who live in a country 国内的；公民的，民用的

Eg. Tom’s grandfather was killed in the Civil War.

The civil rights bill is supported by a large majority.

9)    advisability  the state of being sensible, wise 明智，适当

Eg. Advisability means to gain the best goal with the best method.

   What he thinks about is the advisability of continuing this experiment.

10) proclamation  an official announcement 公告；声明

Eg. It proved a turning point in the war leading to Lincoln emancipation proclamation liberating the slaves.

In his proclamation, President Obama said the United States is committed to treating HIV.

11) unburden  to free yourself of something that is worrying you, by talking about it to someone倾诉自己的烦恼；诉苦

Eg. Jane likes to unburden herself to friends when she is sad.

What made him unhappiest of all was that he had nowhere to unburden himself.

12) annoyed  someone feels a little angry or impatient, especially by repeated troublesome actions or attacks 恼怒

Eg. I was annoyed with myself for giving in so easily.

The salesman was annoyed by the customer’s hesitation.

13) dissatisfied  not pleased with something; feeling that something is not as good as it should be 不满的，不满意的

Eg. I felt so dissatisfied, frustrated and even angry.

Those are the first people a manager should ask about dissatisfied employees.

3.     Difficult sentences

1)    The lady talked about Africa for the next 45 minutes, never asking Carnegie again about where he had been or what he had seen.

这位女士在接下来的45分钟里一直在谈论在非洲的经历，压根也没问过卡耐基去过的地方，遇见的人和事。

该句中“never asking Carnegie again about …”为现在分词做状语，表示伴随状况。

2)    In Carnegie’s words, “All she wanted was an interested listener, so she could expand her ego and talk about where she had been.”

用卡耐基的话讲，“她所想要的是一个感兴趣的倾听者，因此她的自我意识得以扩大而讲述她所到过的地方”。

该句中“she wanted” 为定语从句，all为先行词，在从句中做宾语，省略了关系代词that。

4.     Extensive reading materials

https://www.wikihow.com/Be-a-Good-Listener

https://www.wikihow.com/Listen-More-Than-You-Talk

https://www.en8848.com.cn/Article/Life/Relationships/69622.html