Supplementary Reading >> Culture Notes

I. Illegal Immigration to the United States

Illegal immigration to the United States refers to the act of foreign nationals voluntarily resettling in the United States in violation of U.S. immigration and nationality law.

II.   Medical Education in the United States

Medical education in the United States includes educational activities involved in the education and training of medical doctors (D.O. or M.D.), from entry-level training through to continuing education of qualified specialists.

A typical outline of the medical education pathway is presented as medical school, internship, residency, fellowship, and board certification; however, medicine is a diverse profession with many options available. For example, some doctors work in pharmaceutical (制药的) research, occupational medicine (within a company), public health medicine (working for the general health of a population in an area), or join the armed forces.

III. Harvard Medical School (HMS)

Harvard Medical School (HMS) is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University and currently the No.1 medical school in America, as ranked by U.S. News and World Report.

Located in the Longwood Medical Area of the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, HMS is home to 616 students (as of Fall 2006) in the M.D. program, 435 in the Ph.D. program, and 155 in the M.D.-Ph.D program.

The school has a large and distinguished faculty to support its missions of education, research, and clinical care. This faculty holds appointments in the basic science departments on the HMS Quadrangle, and in the clinical departments located in multiple Harvard-affiliated hospitals and institutions in Boston. There are approximately 2,900 full- and part-time voting faculty members consisting of assistants, associates, and full professors, and over 5,000 full- or part-time non-voting instructors.

Supplementary Reading >> Reading

I. Difficult Sentences

1. Quiñones holds her hand and looks into her eyes. “I walk a fine line every day between good and bad outcomes, and bad outcomes can mean life or death,” he tells her frankly. (Para. 18)
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(金尼奥内斯握住她的手，看着她的双眼，“手术结果的好坏，使我每天提心吊胆。坏的结果可能意味着生死存亡。”他坦率地对她说。)

2. The lab is an extension of his operating room: Cancerous tissue that he removes in surgery is studied with the goal of finding new therapies. (Para. 21)
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(实验室是他手术室的延伸：他在那里研究手术中摘除的癌组织，借以找到新的治疗方法。)

II. Words & Expressions

illegal: adj.  against the law; not legal

- It is illegal to drive a car that is not taxed and insured.

- 把烟草卖给16岁以下的人是犯法的。(It is illegal to sell tobacco to someone under 16.)

immigrant: n.  someone who enters another country to live there permanently

- Illegal immigrants are sent back across the border if they are caught.

- 新移民主要来自于亚洲和拉丁美洲。(The new immigrants come mainly from Asia and Latin America.)

put up with:  tolerate or bear

- Mary could no longer put up with her husband’s violent temper.

- 多年来工人们不得不忍受低工资和恶劣的工作环境。(For years the workers have had to put up with low wages and terrible working conditions.)

in search of:  searching for

- Many of its best-educated residents have been driven to neighboring counties in search of better jobs.

- 我们在找地方吃饭。(We are in search of somewhere to eat.)

supervise: vt.  watch and direct

- The UN is supervising the distribution of aid by local agencies in the disaster area.

- 所有志愿者都由一位有资质的护士来监管。(All volunteers are supervised by a qualified nurse.)

temporary: adj.  lasting for a limited time only; not permanent

- Temporary shelters were hastily constructed shortly after the earthquake.

- 停战只是危机的临时解决办法。(The ceasefire will only provide a temporary solution to the crisis.)

response: n.  answer; reaction (followed by to)

- In response to local demand, we will be opening this store from nine till seven on Sundays.

- 把你对这些问题的答案写在纸的反面。(Write your responses to the questions on the back of the sheet.)

risk:

1. vt. take the chance of; place in danger (used in the pattern: risk sth.; risk doing sth.)

- When children start smoking, they don’t realize that they’re risking their health.

- 当他的公司破产时，他冒着失去房子的风险。(He risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt.)

2. n. the possibility of suffering harm or loss; danger

- Some drivers often break the speed limit, and they think there’s little risk of getting caught.

- There is a high risk of injury in contact sports such as rugby.

- If you tell him the truth, you run the risk of hurting his feelings.

- 我们必须停止这些谣言，公司的名声正受到威胁。(We must stop these rumours; the firm’s reputation is at risk.)

acquire: vt.  gain by one’s own ability, efforts, etc.

- The college acquired a reputation for very high standards.

- 研究使我们对疾病的原因有了新的深刻了解。(Research helps us acquire new insight into the causes of diseases.)

make (both) ends meet:  earn enough money to live without getting into debt; balance one’s income and expenditure

- When my father lost his job, we could barely make ends meet.

- 自从我妈妈被解雇后，我们就很难收支相抵。(It’s been hard to make ends meet since my mom was laid off.)

environment: n.  conditions, circumstances, etc. affecting people’s lives

- As a parent you try to create a stable home environment for your children to grow up in.

- 我们已经努力创造一个能让每个人发挥技能的工作环境。(We have tried to create a working environment in which everyone can develop their skills.)

stand a chance of:  be likely to be able to do sth. or to succeed

- Being very good at science subjects, I stood a good chance of gaining high grades in the final exams.

- 我认为我没有可能赢得金牌。(I don’t think I stand a chance of winning a gold medal.)

prospect: n.  a mental picture of a future event

- There seems little prospect of an end to the dispute.

- 想到将要见到我的偶像，我激动不已。(I felt very excited at the prospect of meeting my idol.)

reserve: vt.  keep for a special purpose; arrange in advance to have (sth.) (used in the pattern: reserve sth. for sb.)

- These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.

- 我想预定两个人的桌子。(I’d like to reserve a table for two.)

rare: adj.  not often happening or seen, etc.; unusual

- A new law to prevent the export of rare birds is to be introduced.

- 很难得她上学缺勤一天。(It is very rare for her to miss a day at school.)

former: adj.  happening, existing, or true in the past, but not now

- Canada is a former British colony.

- 他前夫现住在休斯敦。(Her former husband now lives in Houston.)

quit: vt.  stop (doing sth.) and leave (used in the patterns: quit sth.; quit doing sth.)

- Would you quit your job if you inherited lots of money?

- 我希望他停止打扰我。(I wish he’d quit bothering me.)

deserve: vt.  do sth. or have qualities worthy of (a reward, special treatment, etc.) (used in the patterns: deserve sth.;deserve to do sth.)

- You deserve more than a medal.

- 说实话，我们确实不应该赢的。(To be honest, we didn’t really deserve to win.)

impress: vt.  have a favorable effect on (sb.); make (sb.) feel admiration and respect

- One candidate in particular impressed us with her knowledge.

- Steve borrowed his dad’s sports car to impress his girlfriend.

- We were very impressed by the standard of work.

- 这男孩的勇敢和坚定给医生留下印象。(The boy has impressed his doctors with his courage and determination.)

show up:  arrive; appear

- I invited him for eight o’clock, but he didn’t show up until nine-thirty.

- 麦克出现了，为迟到而道歉。(Mike showed up, apologizing for being late.)

Supplementary Reading >> Comprehension Tasks

I. Retell the Story

Choose one of the following three stories and retell it to your partners.

-        Text A  Tony Trivisonno’s American Dream

-        Text B  With His Own Two Hands

-        Henry’s Big Break

II. Group Discussion

Discuss with your partners on the topic: The Key to Success. What have you learned from the three stories or other such kind of anecdotes?

Tips: curiosity, special gift, intelligence, genius, patience, determination, persistence, hard work

III. Talk about the Pictures