定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句是主句意思不可缺少的部分,如果把它去掉,主句的意思便难以完整。非限定性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,它是一种插入语,旁白或注释,如果把它删去,主句的意思仍然完整。非限定性定语从句与先行词用逗号隔开。
You may select the one which is most to your taste. (限定性定语从句)
That man, whose work is important,has been a teacher. (非限定性定语从句)
1.定语从句的位置
若从句前有一个名词(物质名词)或代词,该从句一定为定语从句;
从句前的名词或代词称为:先行词
先行词在定语从句前,但不一定非紧挨在一起。
2.先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词:该先行词可以是人,也可以是物
3.定语从句的连接词
连接代词:
先行词是人:who,whom,whose n.(先行词的),that(不分主格)
先行词是物:which,that,whose n.(先行词的)
注意:定语从句的连接代词无what
连接副词:
when=prep. which
where=prep. which
why=for which
prep. which
prep. whom
I will never forget the day (that=which we spent together in a village.)
I will never forget the day when/on which we lived together in a village.
注意:prep. which中介词的选择(定语从句中连接代词都代替先行词)
4.定语从句连接词的省略
(1)在定语从句中若使用连接代词做宾语,该连接代词可以省略。
All he said made me angry.
他所说的事情让我很生气。
The book (that/which the teacher recommended in class)is useful to English learning.
老师在课堂上推荐的那本书对英语学习很有帮助。
I badly want to see the movie my husband filmed.
我非常想看我老公拍摄的那部电影。
who
The professor (the professor is to deliver a speech on the second floor) comes from America.即将在二楼做讲座的教授来自于美国。
I have understood the problem the teacher taught us in the class.
我已经理解了老师在上课时讲过的那个题。
(2)若连接代词担任定语从句的主语,则连接代词不可以省略
The professor who is standing in front of the teaching building is chatting with the headmaster.站在教学楼前的那位教授正在和校长聊天。
5.连接词
在定语从句中that作为连接词的情况
(1)若先行词是the way,且the way后的定语从句主干完整,此时可以选择用in which//that//——(省略)
The way D he solved the problem proved practical.
A.of which B.to which C.what D.that//in which//-(省略)
此时作为连接词的that可省略
(2)若先行词是the reason,且the reason后的定语从句主干完整;the reason why/for which/that(连接词)/——(that可省略)
The teacher was convinced of the reason why he was absent from class.
此时该从句为定语从句,用why
考点:The reason why ... is that ...
非限制性定语从句
①在先行词与定语从句之间多了个逗号。
②在限制性定语从句被修饰的部分必须是先行词;
在非限制性定语从句中被修饰的部分可以是先行词(名词或代词)
也可以是先行句(整个主句),此时连接代词指代的可以是先行词或先行句。
Tom finished the task independently,which made his boss satisfied.
which指代整个主句