副词

副词作状语修饰：                                                                

一、副词的分类

1.时间副词

in the/this morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上,at noon在正午,at night在夜里,last night昨夜,yesterday昨天, today今天, tomorrow明天, every day每天, in the future将来,

now/nowadays/presently/currently/at present目前, just now现在/刚刚, right now/ immediately/ instantly/right away/at once立刻, just 刚才, ago以前, later以后, long before很久以前, shortly/soon/soon after不久以后, already已经, yet已经, so far/until now/up to now/up to present迄今为止, lately/recently最近, in the last/past few days/weeks/years...在刚刚过去的几天/周/年...,ahead of time/in advance提前, early早, late晚, in the short run从短期来看, in the long run从长远来看

2.频率副词

always总是,usually/generally/normally通常,often/frequently经常, regularly定期,sometimes/at times/now and then/occasionally有时偶尔,seldom很少, rarely/hardly/scarcely几乎不, never从不, continuously/all the time/constantly/repeatedly/continually一直,ever曾经, accidentally/ by accident偶然意外

3.地点副词

here这里,there那里,here and there到处,over there 那里,near在附近,near and far四面八方,above在上面, below在下面,up向上,down向下,upstairs在楼上,downstairs在楼下,in在里面,out外面, inside里面,outside外面,on上,forward向前,back向后backwards向后,home在家,abroad在国外,home and abroad国内外,everywhere到处,anywhere在任何地方,nowhere任何地方都不,all around四处,away远离,over颠倒地(turn over翻身knock over 撞倒) ,across对面

4.程度副词

非常相当really/very/greatly/pretty/quite/rather/badly

完全地特别地completely/perfectly/extremely/totally/fully/altogether/thoroughly/absolutely/ entirely/ overly/wholly  

几乎almost/nearly/practically/all but/virtually，勉强几乎不barely  

实际上really,真正地truly,显著地significantly,合理地reasonably

5.方式副词

carefully仔细地, carelessly粗心地, simply简单地, comfortably舒适地, gradually慢慢地, effectively有效地, efficiently高效地, patiently耐心地

6.句子副词

anyway不管怎样, luckily/fortunately幸运地是, unluckily/unfortunately不幸地是,

unexpectedly出乎意料地是, surprisingly惊人地是, naturally天生地, obviously明显地, frankly坦率地, undoubtedly无疑地，honestly诚实地

7.疑问副词（引起疑问句）

when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why

When did you start learning English?

8.连接副词（连接从句）

when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why

I want to know when you started learning English.

9.关系副词（连接定语从句）

when,where,why

I remember the days when you learned English.

10.递进/转折的副词

首先：                                                    

其次/此外:                                                 

最后:                                                      

总的来说：                                                 

简而言之：                                                 

与此同此：                                                 

同样：                                                     

因此结果：                                                  

否则然而：                                                 

相反：                                                     

随堂练习

What are the marks of this group of people? First of all, it is defined by what its members have: cell phones, washing machines, microwave ovens, computers, cars, homes and vacations. But this group is not only marked by material things. A psychological independence and carefree optimism is also present. Middle-aged successful company presidents, young professionals and even college students are optimistic, expecting the best in their future.

6.According to the passage, which of the following are not marks of the newly-rich Chinese?

A. Great ambition and the wish for a new lifestyle.

B. Houses and vacations.

C. Mobile phones and computers.

D. Mental independence and optimism.

11.否定副词

hardly几乎不rarely很少scarcely几乎不barely几乎不seldom很少never从不neither两者都不nor也不not不little少nowhere任何地方都不

随堂练习：

By the time Emma stepped into the old library, the afternoon sun was fading fast. The shelves towered above her, covered in decades of dust. She hardly noticed the musty smell as she wandered through the aisles, too focused on finding a rare book her professor had mentioned. The dim light made it hard to read the spines, and she hardly paused to wipe the cobwebs from a weathered shelf. Just as she was about to give up, a tattered volume caught her eye—exactly what she’d been searching for.

What did Emma hardly do while searching for the book in the library?

A. Notice the dusty smell in the room.

B. Stop to clean the cobwebs off the shelves.

C. Wander through the aisles aimlessly.

D. Focus on the professor’s instructions.

12. ly和不 的区别

hard        hardly      

late晚lately      

13.不带ly的副词

     努力,      已经,     以前, fast快速地,      足够, little稍微, rather非常，still但/仍然/不过,even甚至, alone      

随堂练习:

①WeiQi is an interesting board game which originated in China more than 4000 years    .

②The US (3)      has more than a quarter of a billion phones ready (adj.) to be recycled.

二、副词的比较级和最高级规则：

1.单音节 er, est (the可加可不加)

fast-faster-fastest 快地

2.不发音e， r, st

wide-wider-widest 充分地

3.辅 y, 变y为i er, est

early-earlier-earliest早地

4.重读闭音节，双写 er, est

thin-thinner-thinnest 薄地

5.双音节和多音节，前 more, 前 most

slowly-more slowly-most slowly慢地

effectively - more effectively- most effectively有效地

6.不规则

well-better-best 好地

badly/ill-worse-worst 差

far-farther/further-farthest/furthest 远/深远地

much-more-most多地

little-less-least少地