After Reading

1 Useful Expressions

1. 扫除                                            sweep aside

2. 寻找                                            in search of

3. 国家认同                                    national identity

4. 狂热信徒                                    a fervent believer

5. 认为                                            identify… as

6. 毫不迟疑                                    without any hesitation

7. 国际商业精英                             international business élite

8. 少数几位                                    a handful of

9. 没完没了的认真的讨论                     endless earnest discussion

10. 资本、劳动力和技术的流动           flow of capital, labor and technology

11. 最佳地点                                          the most advantageous locations

12. 全球超级物种                                  global superspecies

13. 与…渐行渐远                                  increasingly divorce from

14. 文化断层                                   cultural fault line

15. 处于…的前沿                                  at the forefront of

16. 开辟一条通向…的道路                   beat a path to

17. 一个创新的卓越环境                a remarkable environment of innovation

18. 根据对各国人口和经济增长的预计      

be based on projections of demographic and economic growth

19. 从…脱离                swing away from

20. 低薪流动劳工                           low-paid migrant workers

21. 医疗保健体系                           health care system

22. 跨国界经营                        cross-border business

23. 更别提                               let alone

24. 狭隘民族主义                           a narrow nationalism

2. Sentence Translation

Huntington argues that Davos Man's global-citizen self-image is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeply committed to their nation.

(=亨廷顿提出，达沃斯人以全球公民自居的自我形象，与大多数美国人的价值观完全相悖。)

If the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing. If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you're in the Western world you could question that.

(=如果问题涉及的是整个蛋糕的大小，那全球化已经被证明是件好事。如果问题在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。)    

The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to figure out how to strike the same balance on a global scale.

(=问题是，达沃斯人是否需要再花上140年，才能搞明白如何在全球规模上取得同样的平衡。)

他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由出生地决定的。

(=Both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of

birth.)

欧洲跨国界经营中还有太多障碍，更别提全球经营了。

(=There are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let

alone the world.)

这听上去也许像狭隘民族主义，但内中确大有学问。

(=That may sound like a narrow nationalism, yet it contains a hidden wisdom.)

随着边界和对国家的认同变得越来越不重要，有些人将此视作威胁，甚至危险。

(=As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even dangerous.)

3. Dictation

Directions: Listen to the following passage and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.

     Multiculturalism is a concept with many meanings. But it often refers to ______ (=acceptance) of immigrant and minority groups as distinct communities, distinguishable from the majority population. Like bilingualism, multiculturalism provokes ______ (=debate). Advocates of multiculturalism believe that members of minority groups should enjoy equal rights in American society without giving up their diverse _______ (=ethnic cultures). Multicultural education programs, for instance, strive to teach the content of different cultures, to build ______ (=tolerance) of these cultures, and to eliminate discrimination (歧视). The hope is to enable students to understand how other cultures view the world. Multiculturalists reject the idea of a _____ (=melting pot) and assimilation (同化); they dismiss the idea that national identity must be based on a common heritage and values.

Critics argue that multicultural education _____(=creates conflict) among groups more than it fosters tolerance of one group for another. Cultural pluralism, critics contend, promotes rivalry (敌对) and ____ (=divisions). Moreover, they assert, European traditions remain central to American culture and institutions (风俗). Some critics find multiculturalism a token (象征性的) gesture _____ (=designed) to hide continuing domination of American culture by the majority group. Others argue that _____ (=recognition) of cultural differences and group identities does not help _____ (=address) social and economic disadvantages.

4. Writing Practice    

       Coherence

A. A brief introduction

Coherence literally means "sticking together." The elements of coherent writing -- the words and the information they convey -- are related to one another so that readers can follow the flow of thought easily from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph. The problem with the term coherence is that it sounds static, as if coherent writing just sits there sticking together. Coherence in writing actually has a dynamic quality, because it has to do with movement: movement of information and ideas, movement of the reader's changing perceptions and knowledge.

    Transitional devices used to achieve coherence

B. Samples  

Sample 1: Paragraph Coherence

       It is also possible to claim that information technology is playing an increasingly vital role in education. One way this happens is that more and more academic books are generated electronically and in consequence many students are using computers to study. An additional point is that computer technology is frequently used by students to make presentations both to their peers and professors. Indeed, it is probably true to say that most courses at university require some level of computer literacy.

Sample 2: Essay Coherence

       There is one major argument in favour of replacing art, music and sport on the curriculum with subjects like IT. This is that the purpose of school is to prepare children for their working life after school, so the subjects on the curriculum should be relevant to their potential careers. From this point of view, IT is much relevant to schoolchildren as they need to be computer literate if they want to survive in the workplace. For example, it is easy to see that word processing and programming skills will impress employers more than the ability to run fast or draw well.

       There are also, however, strong arguments for retaining the more traditional subjects as part of the curriculum. One significant counter-argument is that the purpose of education is not just to prepare children for later careers, but also to develop their all round “culture”. It is important that children leave school with some knowledge of art, music and sport as all these are all help develop aspects of young people’s personalities.

       My own personal point of view is that there is merit in both sides of the debate and that all children should study some IT, art music and sport at least at primary school. At secondary school, however, children should be offered a choice between these subjects so that they can continue to study them if they wish. In this way, no child will be disadvantaged.

C. Homework

Directions:  For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic “How Will Our Life Go on Without Internet?”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:

        How Will Our Life Go on Without Internet?

1. 网络提供给了人们丰富多彩和便捷的生活

2. 很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行

3. 你对网络依赖症的看法

       As a primary source of information as well as an efficient means of communication, the Internet offers people a colourful and convenient life. Just by clicking the mouse, we can enjoy a brilliant and easy life that could not be achieved ever before: shopping, making friends, contacting relatives, looking for jobs, downloading music and movies, conducting business deals, and freely airing our opinions。

      For its convenience, the Internet has attracted people like magnets and some people even claim that it is indispensable. To them, life can’t go on without it. Every day millions of people spend hours on end surfing the Internet. They are obsessed with it so much so that they forget many other important matters。

     As for me, I don’t approve of unrestrained Internet reliance. Although the Internet is a gift of the technological revolution and a blessing of this information age, we should never let it control our life. The Internet absolutely doesn’t mean the whole world to us. Instead, we should guard against its negative effects. To those Internet addicts, I would add: “Self-control can make or break your life. With proper use, the Internet serves you; otherwise, it kills you。”

5. Word Understanding

(Directions:) Look at the following words and expressions relating to the world problems existing nowadays. Match the definition and drag the word or expression into the gap after the definition.

1. When people do not like or trust someone because they are of a different race, sex, religion, etc.  (    )

(=discrimination)

2. Someone who has had to leave their country to escape from danger or war.  (      )   

(=refugee)\

3. The basic rights that everyone has to say what they think, vote, be fairly treated, etc.  (    )

(=human rights)

4. The use of bombs and violence, especially against ordinary people, to try to force a government to do something.  (     )

(=terrorism)

5. Someone with very strong political or religious opinions. (      )

(=extremist)

6. Someone who comes into a country to live or work without official permission.  (    )

(=illegal immigrant)

7. A group of people of a different race or religion than most people in a country or area.  (    )

(=minorities)

8. Damage caused to the air, water, soil, etc by harmful chemicals and waste.  (=pollution)

9. A situation in which a large number of people have little or no food for a long time, and some people die as a result. (     )

(=famine)

10. A very serious disease that stops your body defending itself against infection.  (      )

(=AIDS)

5. Picture Talking

6. Proverbs and Quotations

1.    A man dies still if he has done nothing, as one who has done much. 

          既然无所事事亦难逃一死，何不奋斗终生

1. The man      who has made up his mind to win will never say "impossible ".

           凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说"不可能的"。

3.    Business? That's very simple---- it's other people's money.

                            ---Alexandre Dumas, French novelist
做生意吗？ 那太简单了——叫别人掏钱包。

                          ---法国小说家 小仲马 A

4.    There can be no economy where there is no efficiency.

                                 ---Disraeli, British statesman
         没有效率就没有经济。

                           ---英国政治家 狄斯雷利

5.    Something attempted, something done.

                             ----H.W. Longfellow, American poet
               有所尝试，就等于有所作为。

                             ---美国诗人H.W.朗费罗
   6. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look

       for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them.

                     ----Bernard Shaw, American playwright, novelist, critic.
      在这个世界上取得成功的人，都努力去寻找他们想要的机会，如果找不到

          时，他们就自己创造机会。

                             ----美国剧作家、小说家、批评家 肖伯纳