Unit6.ppt

Detailed Reading

I. Difficult Sentences

1. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn’t, the girl with the rose. (Para. 2)
1) Paraphrase the sentence.
(He tried to find the girl who shared many of his views, interests and feelings but who he had never met before. The girl was supposed to wear a rose at their first meeting.)
2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(他在寻找一位姑娘，一位佩戴玫瑰的姑娘。他知其心，但不知其貌。)

2. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. (Para. 4)
Paraphrase the sentence.
(Each letter from one would bring forth a warm response from the other as a seed falling on fertile soil is likely to grow into a plant.)

3. I’d always be haunted by the feeling that you had been taking a chance on just that, and that kind of love would disgust me. (Para. 4)
1) Why is the past perfect continuous tense used in the sentence?
(To show that this action took place earlier than “you fell in love with me on seeing my picture”.)
2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(我将会一直深感不安，惟恐你只是因为我的容貌就贸然与我相爱，而这种爱情令我憎恶。)

4. Her golden hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. (Para. 7)
1) Analyze the structure of the sentence.
(This sentence is formed with the link verb “lie”. Link verbs can be followed by adjectives, prepositional phrases, noun phrases, etc.)
2) Paraphrase the sentence.
(She wore her golden hair in curls and pulled them back to reveal her well-formed ears.)

5. She was more than a little overweight, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. (Para. 10)
1) Paraphrase the sentence.
(She was quite a big woman. Her feet were thick in the ankles and could hardly squeeze into her low-heeled shoes.)
2) What is the meaning of the phrase “more than a little” in this sentence?
(The phrase here means “very”.
- My younger brother was more than a little excited to have Michael Jordan sign his T-shirt.)
3) Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(她体态臃肿，粗圆的脚踝上套着一双低跟鞋。)

6. I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. (Para. 11)
Why does the author say that he felt as though he was split into two?
(Because he was put into a difficult situation, one half of him wishing to go with the pretty young woman, the other wanting to stay with the woman who had warmed his heart.)

7. … while I spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment. (Para. 14)
1) Paraphrase the sentence.
(I was so disappointed that I could hardly speak in a normal voice.)
2) Why did the author feel disappointed?
(Because he thought the lady with the rose couldn’t meet his expectation, and he felt quite sorry that he couldn’t follow the beautiful young lady.)

8. The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive. (Para. 16)
1) Paraphrase the sentence.
(The way one reacts to unattractive people reveals one’s character. If one is a kind person he certainly will treat the unattractive kindly.)
2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.
(心灵的本质是从其对不美的事物的态度中反映出来的。)

II. Words & Expressions

make one’s way:

1) go

- Early in the morning the hunter made his way into the woods.

- The old man slowly rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.

2) succeed

- 你要想成功,就得学会趁着年轻多多努力。 (If you want to make your way you must learn to work hard while you are still young.)

Collocation：

make away with携…而逃；除去，杀死

make up弥补；赔偿

make believe假装

make out书写；开列；拼凑

make of了解，明白

make off离开；逃走

take sth. off (sth.):

1) lift and move sth. from (sth.) to another position

- 把你的手从我肩膀上拿开。 (Take your hand off my shoulder.)

2) deduct an amount of money from (sth.)

- 她和小贩讨价还价，直到他同意减了50便士。 (She bargained with the trader till he agreed to take 50p off the price.)

CF: take, grasp, grab & snatch

这四个词都可用作动词,有“拿”，“抓住”之意。

take 系常用词，表示用拿取或用别的方式获得或占有。例如：

- The brave soldier took two enemy soldiers single-handed at a time. (这位勇敢的战士曾只身一次活捉两个敌兵。)

grasp 指“快速而紧紧地抓住”，用于比喻意义时指“掌握”，“领会”。例如：

- I don’t know how many times I have explained this word, yet he still fails to grasp it. (这个词我都不知道解释多少遍了，可他还是不能理解。)

grab 指“抢夺”，“攫取”，常表示粗鲁地甚至不顾侵犯他人权利地抓取。例如：

- How can you grab the credit for the work done by others? (你怎么能无功受禄呢？)

snatch 指“突然快速地拿、取、夺、抢走”，强调拿取时动作的突然，而不表示是否拿得稳或紧。例如：

- The naughty boy snatched his aunt’s handbag and ran away. (这个淘气的小男孩一把抢走他阿姨的手提包，跑了。)

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the above words.

1. The boy grabbed the apple and ran off (with it).

2. The mother took her child by the hand.

3. The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away.

4. Have you grasped the meaning of this text?

Collocation：

take care                                                小心

take care of                                           照料

take charge                                           取得控制或指挥权

take hold of                                           抓住，握住

take notice of                              注意到

take place                                              发生；出现

take for granted                         料想…是正确的，想当然认为…是真实的

absorb: vt.

1) (usu. passive) completely hold one’s attention (usu. followed by in)

2) take in

3) endure

Match the above definitions with the sentences below.

- The sponge absorbed all the spilt water. (2)

- She won’t be able to absorb another heavy blow. (3)

- Totally absorbed in writing the computer software, Michael ordered take-out food when he was hungry, slept on the office floor when tired out. (1)

- The walls of the house absorb heat during the day. (2)

- The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. (1)

- We will not absorb these charges. (3)

CF: absorb & assimilate

在比喻用法中都含“吸收”，“吞并”的意思。

absorb 指“使被吸收者失去其特点，或使其特点不复存在”。例如：

- Large nations shouldn’t absorb smaller ones. (大国不应当吞并小国。)

assimilate 除含 absorb 意思外, 还指“将被吸收者变成了吸收者的一部分”。例如：

- We should critically assimilate whatever is beneficial in literature and arts from other countries. (我们应当批判地吸收别国文学艺术中一切有益的东西。)

reflect: v.

1) be a sign of; show

- 一个国家的文学反映出它的政治吗？ (Does the literature of a nation reflect its politics?)

- Election results should reflect people’s opinions.

2) make a visible image of

- 平静的水面映出了满月。 (The still water reflected the full moon.)

- The sight of my face reflected in the mirror never pleases me.

3) consider, think of

- 我必须思考一下如何答复。 (I must reflect upon what answer to give.)

- 他反省过去的错误。 (He reflected on his past mistakes.)

CF: think, reflect & reason

这几个词都可用作动词，都有“思考”、“动脑子”之意。

think 是通用词，此“思考”的目的是为了得出某种结论，但是在“思考”时未必思想集中，所形成的概念未必清晰，所得出的结论未必正确。例如：

- You can think about it and let me know your decision later. (你可以把这事考虑一下，以后再把你的决定告诉我。)

reflect 所表示的“思考”含有这样的意思：被思考的事物是过去发生过的，或者是现在存在的；这个词一般表示严肃认真地、静悄悄地考虑问题。例如：

- Take your time to reflect before doing important things. (在做重大的事情之前要从容不迫地思考一下。)

reason 所表示的“思考”具有一种逻辑思维的过程，开始于某种假设或某种前提，甚至某种迹象，经过推理，从而形成概念。例如：

- Man’s ability to reason makes him different from the animal. (人类的思考力使自己不同于动物。)

locate: vt.

1) discover; show the position of

- Keep talking with him for five more seconds and I will locate the place he is calling from.

- 我们一搬进城里，就找到了商店和邮局的所在地。 (We located the shops and the post office as soon as we moved into the town.)

2) fix or put in a certain place

- 新工厂将设于何处？ (Where is the new factory to be located?)

- He located his new store on Main   Street.

correspond: vi.

1) exchange letters regularly

- Love grew between Lu Xun and Xu Guangping as they kept corresponding with each other.

- Have you been corresponding with him?

2) be in agreement, harmony, or conformity

- 我向你保证，我将言行一致。 (I assure you my actions will correspond with my words.)

- Her job corresponds with her interests.

3) be similar or equivalent in character, quantity, origin, structure, or function

- 美国国会相当于英国议会。 (The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.)

fertile: adj.

1) (of land) able to produce good crops

- 这片土地很肥沃，一年可种三季庄稼。(The land is so fertile that three crops a year can grow.)

- Human civilizations first bloomed in fertile lands along big rivers.Chinais a case in point.

2) highly or continuously productive; prolific

- He is fertile of imagination.

Collocation：

fertile soil / fields                                 肥沃的土壤/土地

fertile showers                                              及时雨

a fertile mind                                                  想象力丰富的头脑

be fertile in expedients             会随机应变

CF: fertile, fruitful & productive　

这几个词都是形容词，均有“肥沃的”，“多产的”之意。

fertile 指“能生产或再生产的”，它用于指土地、植物等时，意为“肥沃的”，“多产的”，用于指人、头脑等时，意为“有才智的”。例如：

- Fertile soil yields good crops. (肥沃的土壤能种出好庄稼。)

fruitful 指“促进多产的”，在指土壤时，可代替 fertile；它也可指结果，尤其是“好结果”。例如：

- Those discussions proved fruitful. (那些讨论证明是卓有成效的。)

productive 指人或事物“多产的，有成果的”，是一个意义很广泛的词。 例如：

- He is a productive writer. (他是位多产作家。)

request:

1. v. ask (a person) to do sth.

- 我对你的唯一请求是要你早点到。 (All I request of you is that you should be early.)

- 我请求他为我使用他的影响力。 (I requested him to use his influence on my behalf.)

CF: request, ask & solicit

这三个词都可作动词用，都有“要求”的意思。

request 意思是“请求（某人）做某事”，侧重请求。例如：

- You are sincerely requested to be present at the party. (敬请您光临宴会。)

ask 作“询问”，“提问”，“要求”讲时，指某人对不知道或不明白的事情、道理提出问题，请别人解答；作“要求”讲时， 侧重要求得到某物。例如：

- He has asked his father for too much. (他向他父亲要的太多。)

solicit 是正式用语，指“恭敬或认真地请求”。现在多用于“请求别人注意”，因而常见于商业用语中。例如：

-ChinaDaily is soliciting subscriptions. (《中国日报》正在征求订户。)

request 一词后如果接宾语从句，则从句中用虚拟语气 should v.（原形），或省略 should，直接用v. （原形）。

- 佩恩先生要求我星期五之前交作业。 (Mr. Paine requested that I (should) hand in my homework before Friday.)

类似的用法还有 suggest, advise, demand, order 及这些词的名词形式。

- He gave us a suggestion that we (should) stay at home on the National Day, because there were crowds everywhere in the city.

2. n. a polite demand

- He made a request that I should help him.

Collocation：

at sb.’s request                                                                                   应某人要求

by request (of)                                                                                   照需要；依照请求

comply with sb.’s request                                              答应某人的请求

make (a) request for                                                                请求，要求

on request                                                                                                     一经要求

in great request (=much in request)       有很大需求，广受欢迎

take a chance (on sth.):  attempt to do sth. in spite of the possibility of failure; take risk

- 我们怀着天气可能会好的侥幸心情去野餐。 (We took a chance on the weather and went for a picnic.)

- I haven’t booked a ticket. I’m taking a chance on the theater not being full.

disgust: vt.  cause a strong and often sick feeling of dislike in (sb.)

- The way they treat their children disgusts all the neighbors.

- 这条坏鱼有一股令人作呕的气味。 (The bad fish had a disgusting smell.)

plain:

1. adj.

1) (of person’s appearance) not pretty or handsome

- 这孩子相貌平平。 (The child has a plain face.)

2) easy to see, hear or understand

- The meaning of the sentence is very plain.

3) simple; ordinary; without luxury or ornament

- 他提倡过简朴的生活。 (He advocates plain living.)

4) (of persons, their thoughts, actions, etc.) straightforward; frank

- 你应该和父母坦诚相对。 (You should be plain with your parents.)

2. n. area of level country

- I was attracted by the scenery of the Great Plains.

3. adv. entirely

- 你完全错了。 (You are plain wrong.)

- She’s just plain silly.

Collocation：

plain sailing                                           一帆风顺；进展顺利

in plain words                              坦白地说

be plain with you                        坦率地告诉你，老实对你说

schedule:

1. v. arrange for sth. to happen or to be done at a particular time

- 飞机定于四时起飞。 (The plane is scheduled to take off at 4 o’clock.)

- 他定于星期天到达。(His arrival is scheduled for Sunday.)

- They have scheduled John to speak at three o’clock in the afternoon.

Pattern: be scheduled to do sth. / be scheduled for sth.

2. n. a timetable of things to be done, dealt with, etc.

- According to the school schedule, the students should be having the third period in the morning.

Collocation：

according to schedule                        按时间表；按照原定进度

ahead of schedule                               提前

behind schedule                                            落后于计划或进度；迟于预定时间

on schedule                                                              按时间表，准时

a tight schedule                                             排得紧紧的时间表；难以遵守的时间表

sustain: vt.

1) support emotionally; keep (an effort, etc.) going; maintain

- 一种不可动摇的信念支撑着这个年轻人。 (An unshakable faith sustained the young man.)

- Although they had been trapped in the cave for two days, they were sustained by the belief that help would come soon.

2) suffer; undergo

- 飞机坠毁时，机组成员受到重伤。 (The aircrew sustained severe injuries when the plane crashed.)

CF: sustain, support & back

这三个词都含“支持”，“支援”的意思。

sustain 指“支撑”，“维持”。例如：

- My hope for future sustained me. (对未来的希望支持着我。)

support 系常用词，指“支撑”，“给某人（物）以积极援助或支持”。例如：

- We should support each other. (我们应互相支援。)

back 指“支持（论点、行动、企业等）”。例如：

- I’ll back you up in your demands. (我会对你的要求给予支持的。)

alive: adj.

1) living

- 受伤的人不省人事但仍活着。 (The injured man is unconscious but still alive.)

2) active; lively

- Although he is eighty, he is still very much alive.

Collocation：

come alive                                    活跃起来；警觉起来

alive and kicking      （口）活蹦乱跳，生龙活虎

CF: alive, living & lively

这三个词都有“活的”意思。

alive 指“活着的”，“在世的”，着重于状态。它用作表语，或放在名词或代词后作定语。例如：

- Who’s the greatest man alive? (当今最伟大的人物是谁？)

living 用于生物时, 指“活着的”。例如：

- Shelly was still living when Keats died. (济慈死时，雪莱还在世。)

lively 指“活泼的，活跃的，栩栩如生的，真实的”。例如：

- Children usually have lively fancy. (儿童们往往有丰富的幻想力。)

go one’s way:  go in sb’s direction

- 尽管我不和你同路，我还是很乐意送你一程。 (Though I’m not going your way, I still would like to give you a ride.)

- I wasn’t sure whether he was going my way or not, so I decided to go home by myself.

keen: adj.

1) (of interest, feeling, etc.) strong; deep

- From his childhood on, the later famous pop singer has had a keen interest in listening to the country music.

- 杰妮看着丈夫和那个苗条的姑娘跳舞，十分嫉妒。 (Jenny watched her husband dancing with the slim girl with keen jealousy.)

2) interested; eager (usu. followed by on / about, or infinitive to)

- 他非常渴望见到霍利斯·梅奈尔小姐。 (He was keen to meet Miss Hollis Maynell.)

- Two thirds of the girl students in my class are keen on soccer.

sensible: adj.

1) showing or having good sense

- 聪明些，把伞带上。 (Be sensible and take your umbrella.)

- You’ve made a sensible decision by not wearing high-heeled shoes while climbing Zijing Mountain.

2) able to feel or perceive

- He is sensible of the danger of his position.

- I am sensible of my error.

CF: sensible, conscious & aware

三个词都含有“意识到的”意思。

sensible 指“可用感官察觉到的（尤指可感觉到较复杂或抽象的事物)”。例如：

- I was sensible of her solemn grief. (我知道她很悲哀。)

conscious 侧重“心理感知”。例如：

- He is conscious of a sense of guilt. (他感到内疚。)

aware 侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”。例如：

- Everybody is aware of the importance of the hi-tech. (每个人都意识到了高科技的重要性。)

grip: v.  take a very tight hold (of)

- 刹车失灵，汽车撞在一堵墙上。 (The brakes failed to grip and the car ran into a wall.)

- 詹姆斯·邦德紧紧抓住岩石，爬上了悬崖。 (James Bond gripped the rock firmly and climbed onto the cliff.)

identify: vt.  recognize or say who or what sb. or sth. is

- 我识别不出这是谁的签字。 (I cannot identify this signature.)

- Could you identify your umbrella among a hundred others?

grateful: adj.

1) feeling or showing thanks

- 承你帮忙修缮房子，我十分感激。 (I am grateful to have you help me repair the house.)

- I’m most grateful to you for introducing me around so that I no longer feel lonely in the new place.

2) pleasant; agreeable; comforting

- This is really a grateful rain to the peasants.

Pattern: be grateful to sb. for sth.

- The mother was grateful to the young man for saving her child’s life.

broaden: v.  make or become broader

- 他的见解在大学时代变得开阔起来。 (His views broadened at college.)

- 这条马路在这里开始变宽。 (The road broadens out at this point.)

- We should broaden our experience by traveling more.

in response to:  in answer to

- 他应敲门声而开了门。 (He opened the door in response to a knock.)

- 可能发生石油危机的消息使得股票价格随之下跌。 (Stock prices went down in response to the news of a possible oil crisis.)

Collocation：

make no response                      不回答